What is Scheuermann's disease?

In this condition, a disturbance affects parts of the vertebral body across several adjacent segments in the thoracic spine. As a result, the vertebral body loses its normal shape and increasingly resembles a wedge. This creates a curvature of the back similar to the deformity of the Hunchback of Notre Dame. These bony changes are accompanied by pathological alterations of the intervertebral discs. Together, this can lead to chronic pain and a noticeable deformity of the spine. It is suspected that an impaired blood supply to the vertebral bodies is the underlying cause.

Typical characteristics

• In severe cases, a pronounced rounded back develops, which can resemble a hunchback deformity
• Chronic pain may develop
• In severe cases, the surrounding spinal segments must compensate by curving in the opposite direction, which can lead to abnormal stress and early-onset osteoarthritis in those areas

Common symptoms

Not every case of Scheuermann's disease is easily visible, and not everyone affected experiences significant symptoms.

• Visible, "stiff" rounded back
• Chronic pain

Symptoms often become chronic.

How is Scheuermann's disease diagnosed?

The diagnosis involves:

• Visual examination of the spine from the side
• X-rays of the spine; occasionally, an MRI scan may be necessary

Treatment of Scheuermann's Disease

Once the condition is fully established, the structural changes to the affected vertebrae cannot be reversed. Symptomatic treatment may become necessary. If the deformity is severe, surgical correction can be discussed to restore a natural posture.

Conservative (non-surgical) treatment

• Physiotherapy for muscle strengthening
• Pain management as needed
• After skeletal maturity, a back brace no longer has any effect

Surgical treatment

Surgery is only considered in cases of severe, visible spinal deformity.

What can patients do themselves?

• Inspection of the spine by a doctor (e.g., school doctor) or family members
• Consultation with a doctor in the event of a visible deformity
• Weight management, strengthening of the back muscles
• Early medical assessment in case of pain